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Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition
and Fluency
Acquisition of Vocabulary |
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(Based on State of Ohio
Curriculum Standards) |
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1. Recognize and identify how
authors clarify meanings of words through context and use definition,
restatement, example, comparison, contrast and cause and effect to advance
word study.
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Context Clues from TV411
This interactive web site uses a slide show, quizzes, and
graphic organizers to help students use context to figure out new words,
practice using context clues, and define words in sentences.
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Prize-Winning Prose: Developing "Kid's Pulitzers" in the
Language Arts Classroom -In this promising
practice students develop criteria for Kid's Pulitzers -- awards in
categories of writing determined by the students. Each student will then
bestow a Kid's Pulitzer upon a piece of writing which they deem to be
distinguished based on the established criteria.
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Swinging with the Times: Giving A Modern Slant to
Favorite Children's Stories -In this
lesson, students examine the many changes in the Tarzan character from
Edgar Rice Burroughs' first novel to Disney's newest movie version to
understand how children's movies are often used to mirror and promote
cultural attitudes and beliefs. Students then adapt a favorite children's
story to a modern setting, updating the characters and plot to better
reflect the times.
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Painting Portraits with Words: A Language Arts Lesson
Based on an Exhibition on William Butler Yeats -This
resource uses a feature article from the New York Times to examine how an
exhibition of William Butler Yeats' writings represents a portrait or
biography of the author's life. Designated a promising practice, this
lesson allows students to analyze various poems by Yeats using varied
written forms.
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2. Analyze
the relationships of pairs of words in analogical statements (e.g., synonyms
and antonyms, connotation and denotation) and evaluate the
effectiveness of analogous relationships. |
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3. Examine and explain the influence
of the English language on world literature, communications and popular
cultures. |
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Poetry: Blues Style -This
lesson focuses on how the blues both operate as poetry and inform the
poetry of many prominent African American poets. Students consider the
poetic devices and recurring themes in blues lyrics and the significance
of the poetry of the blues as part of the African American tradition.
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4. Use knowledge of Greek, Latin and
Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes and suffixes to understand complex words and new
subject-area vocabulary (e.g., unknown words in science, mathematics and
social studies). |
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Word Roots from EdHelper
This web site has over 20 printable worksheets and puzzles
that cover word roots, prefixes, and suffixes, including Greek and Latin
examples.
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The following
ON LINE
quizzes are a result of the following two people:
Created by:
Miss Stephanie Weston
Inspiration
by
Miss Harman
English Teacher Willoughby-Eastlake Schools
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Prefixes
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Suffixes
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Latin root words A-G
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Latin Root words H-O
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Latin Root words P-Z
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Number Prefixes
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5. Determine the meanings and
pronunciations of unknown words by using dictionaries, thesauruses,
glossaries, technology and textual features, such as definitional footnotes
or sidebars. |
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Multimedia Poetry Beast -This
resource is an instructional unit in which students record poetry readings
to express and demonstrate their understanding of the poet's purpose. This
instructional unit, maintained by the New Zealand Ministry of Education,
provides opportunities for students to publish and share a portfolio of
their poetic writings.
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Reading Process: Concepts of Print, Comprehension
Strategies and Self-Monitoring Strategies |
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1. Apply reading
comprehension strategies, including making predictions, comparing and
contrasting, recalling and summarizing and making inferences and drawing
conclusions. |
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Summarizing from TV411 -This
interactive web site uses a slide show, quizzes, and graphic organizers to
review the basics of summarizing, identify main idea statements and detail
statements, and use categories to summarize lists.
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The Pros and Cons of Discussion -Students
work in groups to answer the question, "Are people equal?," analyzing all
sides of the response, forming a consensus, and presenting it to the
class.
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The Poetics of Hip Hop -This
lesson combines an analysis of hip hop music and lyrics to provide
students with a greater understanding of rhythm, form, diction, and sound
in poetry.
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Name That Chapter! Discussing Summary and Interpretation
Using Chapter Titles -In this lesson,
students name chapters in novels that they are reading, creating a
cumulative list for the novel as they work through the text.
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The Red Badge of Courage: A New Kind of Realism-In
this lesson, students learn about the elements of Stephen Crane's style
that contribute to the realistic nature of The Red Badge of Courage.
Students also compare excerpts from The Red Badge of Courage to primary
source texts and images from the Civil War.
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2. Answer literal, inferential,
evaluative and synthesizing questions to demonstrate comprehension of
grade-appropriate print texts and electronic and visual media |
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Literacy Learning Resources from CBS and CNN
-This site has dozens of actual stories from CBS and
CNN, including the full text, the abridged text, an outline, a video of
the story, and the audio read aloud. After the student reads the story
they can take online interactive quizzes over the material covering
vocabulary, word selection, sequencing, conclusions, and more.
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Finding Poetry in Prose: Reading and Writing Love Poems -When
students think of love poetry, they almost invariably think of poetry
about romantic love. This lesson expands the concept of love poems to move
beyond romantic love to explore other kinds of love, particularly the love
within a family.
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Examining Transcendentalism through Popular Culture -Using
excerpts from the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau,
comics, and songs from different musical genres, students examine the
characteristics of transcendentalism.
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Versed on the Disadvantaged: Using Poetry to Explore the
Issues of Poverty -In this lesson, students
begin by sharing their opinions and ideas about what it means to help
someone in need. They then read and analyze a poem which illustrates the
struggle of poor people.
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Teaching Anna Karenina -This
resource provides an online teacher's guide for use with Leo Nikolayevich
Tolstoy's novel, Anna Karenina, and the film adaptation, of the same name,
created by Masterpiece Theater. Teaching Anna Karenina presents an
integrated study that uses visual media to extend students' understanding
of the novel.
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3. Monitor own comprehension by
adjusting speed to fit the purpose, or by skimming, scanning, reading on,
looking back, note taking or summarizing what has been read so far in text. |
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Exploring Cross-Age Tutoring Activities with Lewis and
Clark -In this lesson, cross-age tutoring
gives high school students the opportunity to guide elementary students
(in grades 3-5) to a deeper understanding of the adventures of Lewis and
Clark.
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The Bell Jar -This
resource is a novel study of The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath. This
instructional unit, maintained by the New Zealand Ministry of Education,
provides opportunities for students to analyze, interpret, and respond to
language, meaning, and ideas in the novel. Content support, assessment
guidelines, and links to other internet resources are also available at
the website.
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4. Use criteria to choose
independent reading materials (e.g., personal interest, knowledge of authors
and genres or recommendations from others). |
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Authentic Persuasive Writing to Promote Summer Reading-Devote
time during your last weeks of school to promote summer reading by
inviting students to create brochures and flyers that suggest books and
genres for others to explore during the summer months.
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5. Independently read books for
various purposes (e.g., for enjoyment, for literary experience, to gain
information or to perform a task). |
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Utopian Visions -In this
lesson, students are introduced to the idea of an idealized society.
Students read Sir Thomas More's Utopia and examine the concepts behind his
vision of an ideal society.
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Reading
Applications: Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text |
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1. Analyze the rhetorical devices
used in public documents, including state or school policy statements,
newspaper editorials and speeches. |
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Censorship in the Classroom: Understanding Controversial
Issues-This lesson helps students to
understand the ways in which bias and stereotyping are used by the media
to influence popular opinion. Students examine propaganda and media bias
and explore a variety of banned and challenged books, researching the
reasons these books have been censored.
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2. Analyze and critique
organizational patterns and techniques including repetition of ideas,
appeals to authority, reason and emotion, syntax and word choice that
authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience. |
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Movie
transcripts You will find the
transcripts from many if not all movies made on this website. You
will notice how they identify and explain various types of characters.
4 Star
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3. Analyze and compile information
from several sources on a single issue or written by a single author,
clarifying ideas and connecting them to other sources and related topics. |
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Quest for the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun -People
of all backgrounds live in America and come to America dreaming of social,
educational, economical opportunities as well as political and religious
freedoms.
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A Midwife's Tale -A
Midwife's Tale is an innovative dramatic film based on the Pulitzer
Prize-winning story of Martha Ballard, a midwife and mother living in the
wilds of Maine during the chaotic decades following the American
Revolution. The variety of resources used to tell the story of Martha
Ballard adds to the richness of this resource.
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4. Distinguish between valid and
invalid inferences and provide evidence to support the findings, noting
instances of unsupported inferences, fallacious reasoning, propaganda
techniques, bias and stereotyping. |
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Argument, Persuasion, or Propaganda? Analyzing World War
II Posters-students analyze World War II
posters, chosen from online collections, to explore how argument,
persuasion, and propaganda differ.
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5. Examine an author’s implicit
and explicit philosophical assumptions and beliefs about a subject.
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Decoding the Dystopian Characteristics of Macintosh?s
?1984? Commercial -students explore the
dystopian characteristics and symbols presented in the “1984” Macintosh
commercial and analyze the comments that it makes about contemporary
society.
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Identifying and Understanding the Fallacies Used in
Advertising -This lesson alerts students to
the fallacies that surround them every day. The fallacies used in
advertising are often overlooked without the tools needed to examine them
critically.
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6. Evaluate the effectiveness and
validity of arguments in public documents and their appeal to various
audiences. |
State of Writing
( Writing Resources) |
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7. Analyze the structure and
features of functional and workplace documents, including format, sequence
and headers, and how authors use these features to achieve their purposes
and to make information accessible and usable. |
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Community of Interests: Evaluating Various Aspects of
Community Through Local and National News- students
learn about the different sections of a newspaper and how each relates to
different aspect of a community. Working in small groups, students examine
the difference between local and national newspaper coverage through
visual and written evaluations.
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8. Critique
functional and workplace documents (e.g., instructions, technical manuals,
travel schedules, business memoranda) for sequencing of information and
procedures, anticipation of possible reader misunderstandings and
visual appeal. |
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The Crucible -This
resource is a study of The Crucible by Arthur Miller. This instructional
unit, maintained by the New Zealand Ministry of Education, provides
opportunities for students to analyze, interpret, and respond to language,
meaning, and ideas in the play.
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Reading Applications: Literary Text |
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1. Compare and contrast motivations
and reactions of literary characters confronting similar conflicts (e.g.,
individual vs. nature, freedom vs. responsibility, individual vs. society),
using specific examples of characters’ thoughts, words and actions. |
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Star-Crossed Lovers Online: Romeo and Juliet for a
Digital Age -This lesson invites students to
use their understanding of modern experiences with these technologies to
make active meaning of an older text, in this case Shakespeare’s Romeo and
Juliet. Students create their own modern interpretation of specific
events from the drama and use current technologies.
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Reader Response in Hypertext: Making Personal
Connections to Literature -In this lesson,
students choose four quotations to inspire their personal responses to a
novel that they have read. Students write a narrative of place, complete a
character sketch, create an extended metaphor poem and write a persuasive
essay.
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Become a Character: Adjectives, Character Traits, and
Perspective -In this activity, students
"become" one of the major characters in a literary work and describe
themselves and other characters, using lists of accurate, powerful
adjectives.
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Monsters!-students use
literature and art to investigate the idea of "monsters." They begin by
defining the idea of monster and reading and comparing two works, Beowulf
and Grendel by John Gardner.
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Movie
transcripts You will find the
transcripts from many if not all movies made on this website. You
will notice how they identify and explain various types of characters.
4 Star
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2. Analyze the historical, social
and cultural context of setting. |
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Identity, Oppression, and Protest: To Kill a Mocking
Bird and the Blues-African American history
during the Jim Crow era includes encounters with poverty, racism,
disrespect, and protest. Harper Lee develops all four of these themes in
her famous 1960 novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. To help students understand
these ideas, this lesson incorporates the blues and other literature of
the time.
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Faulkner's As I Lay Dying: Form of a Funeral -students
read and examine the novel, As I Lay Dying. Students explore the social
and historical context in which the novel was written and draw parallels
between the author's experiences and the way life is depicted in the text.
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Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart: Oral and Literary
Strategies -This resource introduces
students to Chinua Achebe's first novel and to strategies of close reading
and textual analysis. It can be used alone or in conjunction with the
related lesson
Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart: Teaching Through the Novel .
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Mark Twain and American Humor -This
resource, maintained by the National Endowment for the Humanities,
provides a three-part lesson in which students examine the structure and
characterization of selected short stories and consider the significance
of humor through a study of Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County."
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3. Explain how voice and narrator
affect the characterization, plot and credibility. |
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Id, Ego, and Superego in Dr. Seuss's Cat in the Hat -In
this lesson, The Cat in the Hat is used as a primer to teach students how
to analyze a literary work using the literary tools of plot, theme,
characterization, and psychoanalytical criticism.
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The "Secret Society" and FitzGerald's The Great Gatsby -In
this lesson, students will: (1) engage in practical textual analysis and
critical thinking; (2) reflect on the class struggles of early twentieth
century; (3) combine critical thinking, textual analysis, and imaginative
writing skills; (4) write a "credo" for the "secret society" implied in
The Great Gatsby.
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4. Evaluate an author’s use of point
of view in a literary text. |
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Mark Twain, the Lincoln of Our Literature -This
unit focuses on the unique genius of autobiographer, satirist, humorist,
and novelist Mark Twain. Students explore the American "voices" through
which Twain translates, assails, contours, and celebrates aspects of
American life and the American character.
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Critical Reading: Two Stories, Two Authors, Same Plot?-Many
students often lack critical thinking skills to be able to analyze what
they read. This lesson encourages students to read and respond critically
to two different pieces of literature with the same title.
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5. Analyze variations of universal
themes in literary texts. |
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Outside In: Finding A Character?s Heart Through Art -Alienation
is an important theme in contemporary literature, and it’s an idea that
adolescents need to confront in order to fully understand what it means to
be a human being in our modern world.
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Letters from Emily Dickinson: 'Will you be my
preceptor?' -In this curriculum unit,
students explore Emily Dickinson's poetry as well as her personal
correspondence to her editor and sister-in-law. Working individually and
in groups, students reflect on Dickinson's views and the process by which
she writes.
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Discovering a Passion for Poetry with Langston Hughes -After
analyzing examples of contemporary youth poetry as well as the poetry of
Langston Hughes, students use the Internet to conduct research on how
events in the world shaped Hughes' work.
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Tennessee Williams: Exploring The American Dream -In
this lesson on Tennessee Williams, students examine the "American Dream"
through lyric form, mythology and drama. Students read one or more of
Williams plays, and in small groups develop and perform interpretations of
selected scenes.
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Teaching Cora Unashamed -This
resource provides an online teacher's guide for use with Langston Hughes's
short story, "Cora Unashamed," and the film adaptation of the same name,
created by Masterpiece Theater. Cora Unashamed is an integrated language
arts unit of study that uses visual media to extend students'
understanding of the short story.
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6. Recognize and differentiate
characteristics of subgenres, including satire, parody and allegory, and
explain how choice of genre affects the expression of theme or topic. |
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Reading Literature in Translation: Beowulf as a Case
Study -By comparing a number of translations
of Beowulf with each other and with the basic poetic elements of Old
English alliterative verse, this lesson asks students to reflect upon the
nature of translation not as an act of accurate representation of a
literary work but as an act of interpretive re-creation. Students analyze
various texts and examine how a translator’s decisions shape our
understanding of a literary text.
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Mark Twain -Discover the
true Mark Twain through his writing and the collection of artifacts found
at this web site. Five classroom activities teach students the importance
of observation in writing, how historical issues and events impact an
author's writing, and how humor and satire influence storytelling.
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7. Compare and contrast varying
characteristics of American, British, world and multi-cultural literature. |
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Magic Words, Magic Brush: The Art of William Butler and
Jack Yeats -This curriculum unit integrates
a literary study with various artistic disciplines, geography, history,
media, and technology. The unit contains six lessons, which may be taught
individually or in the context of the instructional unit.
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Oliver Twist -This
resource provides an online teacher's guide for use with Oliver Twist and
the film adaptation, of the same name, created by Masterpiece Theater. The
teacher's guide for Oliver Twist presents an integrated study that uses
visual media to extend students' understanding of the novel.
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Perceiving a Culture Through Its Literature: Korea as an
Example -The discussion and comprehension of
literary text is enhanced by an understanding of the environmental context
in which the story takes place. This lesson uses a Korean story, After
Seventeen Years by Kim Yong Ik, to demonstrate how to develop an
environmental context and find cultural clues in literature.
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Allen Ginsberg: Poetry and Politics -This
lesson focuses on the works of Beat poet, Allen Ginsberg. Students
participate in literary discussions, complete journal responses, and
conduct web-based research.
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8. Evaluate ways authors develop
point of view and style to achieve specific rhetorical and aesthetic
purposes (e.g., through use of figurative language irony, tone, diction,
imagery, symbolism and sounds of language), citing specific examples from
text to support analysis. |
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Language Arts: Shakespeare's Sonnets -One
of the difficulties teachers face when they teach Shakespeare is language
accessibility. Twenty-first century students often have difficulty
understanding the words, and so they miss the meaning of his plays and
sonnets.
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "Yellow Wallpaper": Writing
Women in Turn-of-the-Century (1890s-1910s) America-This
lesson uses "The Yellow Wallpaper" to explore such literary concepts as
setting, narrative style, symbolism, and characterization. Students
complete a close reading of the text in order to gain an understanding of
the rapidly changing roles of American women during the nineteenth and
early twentieth century and how the story reflects the social, historical,
and economic realities of that time. Following the literary analysis,
students participate in group discussions and write a well-supported essay
describing how the narrator of "The Yellow Wall-paper" represents
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's feminism.
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Unlocking the Underlying Symbolism and Themes of a
Dramatic Work -This lesson invites students
to explore the things relevant to a character from Lorraine Hansberry's
play, A Raisin in the Sun, to unlock the drama's underlying symbolism and
themes.
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Style: Translating Stylistic Choices from Hawthorne to
Hemingway and Back Again -Exploring the use
of style in literature helps students understand how language conveys
mood, images, and meaning. In this activity, students translate passages
that demonstrate specific stylistic devices, then translate fables into
the style of one of the authors they have been reading.
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Writing Processes |
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1. Generate writing ideas through
discussions with others and from printed material, and keep a list of
writing ideas. |
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All in a Day's Work: Modernizing Herman Melville's
Bartleby the Scrivener -This
lesson plan uses a passage from Herman Melville's 1856 tale, "Bartleby the
Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street," to encourage literary response and
creative writing. Students respond in writing to the short story by
creating their own modern versions of the tale. This lesson allows
students to apply narrative writing strategies in a creative context.
Extension activities, interdisciplinary connections, and links to
supporting internet sites are also provided.
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2. Determine the usefulness of and
apply appropriate pre-writing tasks (e.g., background reading, interviews or
surveys). |
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Making Connections to Myth and Folktale: The Many Ways
to Rainy Mountain -In The Way to Rainy
Mountain, N. Scott Momaday links the survival of his people to their
ability to remember, preserve, and pass on stories. Taking the idea one
step further, Momaday models necessary personal involvement in the
stories.
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3. Establish and develop a clear
thesis statement for informational writing or a clear plan or outline for
narrative writing. |
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Techniques for Writing: Writing Thesis Statements for
Essays -This web site has extensive
information on writing a thesis as well as interactive exercises the
students can take online to check their understanding.
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4. Determine a purpose and audience
and plan strategies (e.g., adapting formality of style, including
explanations or definitions as appropriate to audience needs) to address
purpose and audience. |
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Purpose and Audience -This
online study guide from Encyclopedia Britannica is on purpose and
audience. It covers an explanation for determining why we write and to
whom, in a variety of settings and styles.
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Communicating You have the
opportunity to create a Poster, Newspaper and or a Cartoon. This
website is very good and will allow students to learn how to transform
their ideas to a hard copy that they may printout. This is
great for an LCD projector or a computer lab.
4 Star
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Communicating through Garfield Your
students may create a cartoon and depending on your experience with
technology they may create a complete story. You will only be
limited by your technology background and your imagination.
4 Star
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5. Use organizational strategies
(e.g., notes and outlines) to plan writing. |
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6. Organize writing to create a
coherent whole with an effective and engaging introduction, body and
conclusion and a closing sentence that summarizes, extends or elaborates on
points or ideas in the writing. |
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7. Use a variety of sentence
structures and lengths (e.g., simple, compound and complex sentences;
parallel or repetitive sentence structure). |
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Guide to
Grammar You will find that this
is an
outstanding site to assist you and your students in learning proper
grammar 4 Star
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8. Use paragraph form in writing,
including topic sentences that arrange paragraphs in a logical sequence,
using effective transitions and closing sentences and maintaining coherence
across the whole through the use of parallel structures. |
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Techniques for Writing: Writing Topic Sentences for
Paragraphs -This web site has extensive
information on writing a topic sentence as well as interactive exercises
the students can take online to check their understanding.
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Paragraph Organization -This
online study guide from Encyclopedia Britannica is on paragraph
organization. It includes a discussion of the creation of logical and
cohesive paragraphs, including topic sentences, paragraph unity,
coherence, and transitions.
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9. Use precise language, action
verbs, sensory details, colorful modifiers and style as appropriate to
audience and purpose, and use techniques to convey a personal style and
voice. |
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Techniques for Writing: Using Specific Language
-This web site has extensive information on
precise language as well as interactive exercises the students can take
online to check their understanding.
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Choosing the Best Verb: An Active and Passive Voice
Mini-lesson -For most students, speech and
informal writing flow naturally. Yet students often struggle with formal
or academic writing. This mini-lesson explores verb choice in a variety of
online resources, then encourages students to draw conclusions about verb
use which they can apply to their own writing.
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10. Use available technology to
compose text. |
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11. Reread and analyze clarity of
writing, consistency of point of view and effectiveness of organizational
structure. |
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The Shortest Distance Between Two Points -This
lesson integrates technical writing, specifically producing memos, with
revising and editing strategies. Students assume the role of mechanical
drafters and develop a revised set of instructions for a drafting
communique. Students then pass their instructions on to another group of
students who attempt to draw the object that has described in the writing.
Groups meet to discuss the effectiveness of the written instructions,
making suggestions for improving the quality and clarity.
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12. Add and delete examples and
details to better elaborate on a stated central idea, to develop more
precise analysis or persuasive argument or to enhance plot, setting and
character in narrative texts. |
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Techniques for Writing: Giving Examples and Explanations
-This web site has extensive information on
elaborating on an idea as well as interactive exercises the students can
take online to check their understanding.
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13. Rearrange words, sentences and
paragraphs and add transitional words and phrases to clarify meaning and
achieve specific aesthetic and rhetorical purposes. |
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Guide to
Grammar You will find that this
is an
outstanding site to assist you and your students in learning proper
grammar 4 Star
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14. Use resources and reference
materials (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) to select effective and
precise vocabulary that maintains consistent style, tone and voice. |
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Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary and Thesaurus
-Excellent dictionary and thesaurus. Easy to use
with lots of good information on each word. This site will even pronounce
the word for you.
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15. Proofread writing, edit to
improve conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, punctuation and
capitalization), identify and correct fragments and run-ons and eliminate
inappropriate slang or informal language. |
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Activities for ESL/EFL Students -Don't
be fooled by the name of this site. It is an excellent resource for all
students of the English language. There are over 1,000 quizzes, exercises
and puzzles on every topic of grammar, punctuation, writing, and more.
Begin by looking through the Easy, Medium, and Difficult Grammar Quizzes.
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16. Apply tools
(e.g., rubric, checklist and feedback) to judge the quality of writing. |
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Peer Editing Strategies
-This site has several articles on peer editing such as "Do's and Don'ts"
and a peer editing guide.
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Techniques for Writing: Giving and Receiving Peer
Responses -This page has good guidelines for
giving and receiving peer feedback on writing.
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17. Prepare for publication (e.g.,
for display or for sharing with others) writing that follows a manuscript
form appropriate for the purpose, which could include such techniques as
electronic resources, principles of design (e.g., margins, tabs, spacing and
columns) and graphics (e.g., drawings, charts and graphs) to enhance the
final product. |
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Writing
Applications |
1. Write reflective compositions
that:
a. use personal experiences as a basis for reflection on some aspect of
life;
b. draw abstract comparisons between specific incidents and abstract
concepts;
c. maintain a balance between describing incidents and relating them to more
general, abstract ideas that illustrate personal beliefs; and
d. move from specific examples to generalizations about life. |
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A Significant Influence: Describing an Important Teacher
in Your Life -All of
us have encountered someone who has made a profound difference in our
lives—someone who changed our lives, made us think more deeply, set our
feet on the right path. Perhaps it was a teacher we met in a classroom,
but it could just have easily been a coach, a youth group leader, a family
or community elder, or religious leader. In this lesson, students write a
tribute to such a teacher, someone who has taught them an important lesson
that they still remember.
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Black and Blue: Jazz in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man -Ralph
Ellison, musician-turned-writer, wrote Invisible Man like a jazz
composition. The novel has many solo parts, and the events seem improvised
as the unnamed main character goes from the south to the north, with many
ups and downs. His life is a sad song, illuminated in the end with his
self-made light bulbs that seem to cry, "Why am I so black and blue?" In
this lesson, students explore recurring themes of invisibility and jazz by
reading excerpts of the novel, writing about major characters, summarizing
events, connecting jazz themes with key concepts in the novel and creating
new interpretations of the impact of jazz on Invisible Man. Students will
use the discussions and reading and writing experiences to compose
documented essays in a class book that describes the influence of jazz on
Ralph Ellison as a writer. This series of lessons provides many
opportunities to integrate reading and writing while addressing several
key language arts content.
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Teaching The Song of the Lark -This
resource provides an online teacher's guide for use with Willa Cather's
novel The Song of the Lark and the film adaptation of the same name,
created by Masterpiece Theater. Teaching The Song of the Lark presents an
integrated study that uses visual media to extend students' understanding
of the novel.
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2. Write responses to literature
that:
a. advance a judgment that is interpretative, analytical, evaluative or
reflective;
b. support key ideas and viewpoints with accurate and detailed references to
the text or to other works and authors;
c. analyze the author’s use of stylistic devices and express an appreciation
of the effects the devices create;
d. identify and assess the impact of possible ambiguities, nuances and
complexities within text;
e. anticipate and answer a reader’s questions, counterclaims or divergent
interpretations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. |
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Shakespeare's Macbeth: Fear and the Motives of Evil-students
read the play Macbeth and analyze the title character's shift
from a man who, at the beginning of the play is described as noble and
brave, to a violent and ruthless tyrant. Characters whose shifting minds
we feel compelled to follow through every twist and turn are a mark of
Shakespeare's art.
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Listening to Poetry: Sounds of the Sonnet -This
lesson combines the teaching of formal terms used to describe sonnets with
appreciating the sounds of poetry. Focusing on the sounds of poetry, this
resource provides a series of sound exercises to illustrate the underlying
form or structure in poetic language.
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Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart: Teaching Through the
Novel -This resource introduces students to
Achebe's first novel and to his views on the role of the writer in his or
her society. It can be used alone or in conjunction with the related
lesson
Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart: Oral and Literary Strategies .
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Guide to
Grammar You will find that this
is an
outstanding site to assist you and your students in learning proper
grammar 4 Star
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3. Write functional documents (e.g.,
requests for information, resumes, letters of complaint, memos, proposals)
that:
a. report, organize and convey information accurately;
b. use formatting techniques that make a document user-friendly; and
c. anticipate readers’ problems, mistakes and misunderstandings. |
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Book Report Alternative: Characters for Hire! Studying
Character in Drama -In the lesson, students
read fictional works, use software resources, read and interpret
classified ads, and write original resumes for a character they are
exploring.
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4. Write informational essays or
reports, including research, that:
a. develop a controlling idea that conveys a perspective on the subject;
b. create an organizing structure appropriate to purpose, audience and
context;
c. include information on all relevant perspectives, considering the
validity and reliability of primary and secondary sources;
d. make distinctions about the relative value and significance of specific
data, facts and ideas;
e. anticipate and address a reader’s potential biases, misunderstandings and
expectations; and
f. provide a sense of closure to the writing. |
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Once Upon a Time: Writing Stories about Reading -This
resource uses a feature article from the New York Times to stimulate a
discussion about one's life as a reader. Designated a promising practice,
this lesson encourages students to take an inventory of their own
histories as readers.
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5. Write persuasive compositions
that:
a. articulate a clear position;
b. support assertions using rhetorical devices, including appeals to emotion
or logic and personal anecdotes; and
c. develop arguments using a variety of methods (e.g., examples, beliefs,
expert opinion, cause-effect reasoning). |
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Web Writer's Block: Investigating Internet Censorship
Around the World -This interdisciplinary
lesson promotes critical thinking through thoughtful research and
discussions about the legitimacy of banning access to certain types of
information on the Internet. Working in cooperative groups, students
review websites banned in various countries, and investigate the reasons
why particular countries would want to block information.
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6. Produce informal writings (e.g.,
journals, notes and poems) for various purposes. |
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Poem
writing Create your own "I Am" poem by
filling in each blank. Be sure to select all the words (and parentheses)
that are already in each blank before entering your own words.
4 Star
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Discovering Traditional Sonnet Forms -students
read and analyze sonnets to discover their traditional forms. Students
chart the characteristics of the poems then review the details for
similarities, deducing traditional sonnet forms that the poems have in
common.
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What Did They Say?: Dialect in The Color Purple-This
lesson encourages students to examine the techniques used by the author to
shape the plot and develop characters. Students also engage with the text
through written reflections in double-entry journals and peer-to-peer
discussions in literature circles.
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Exploring Literature through Letter Writing Groups -In
this lesson, students discuss literature through a series of letter
exchanges. Though not a new idea, this lesson provides an alternative to
traditional literature discussion groups.
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Fooling With Words: Teaching Tools for Poetry -Fooling
With Words is an informative web site with a focus on contemporary
American poets. Many of these poets are frequently published in high
school anthologies. Lesson plans develop critical thinking skills from a
text-based perspective, often using the poets' lives to analyze their
work.
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Writing
Conventions |
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1. Use correct spelling conventions. |
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Spelling -This web site
has extensive information on spelling as well as quizzes the students can
take online to check their understanding
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Showing Good Taste: Writing Thoughtful Restaurant
Reviews in the Language Arts Classroom -In
this promising practice, students distinguish the important elements of
well-written restaurant reviews by analyzing and evaluating reviews from
The New York Times and by writing their own reviews of favorite dining
locations. Students are encouraged to evaluate critical and persuasive
texts as well as writing their own. This resource also includes extension
activities, interdisciplinary connections, and links to supporting
Internet sites.
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2. Use correct capitalization and
punctuation |
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Capitalization and Punctuation -This
web site has extensive information on capitalization and punctuation as
well as quizzes the students can take online to check their understanding.
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Capitalization -This is an
excellent site explaining capitalization. Here you will find explanations,
an online quiz, and a fantastic PowerPoint presentation you can download
for use in class.
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Punctuation Marks
-This is an excellent site explaining punctuation. Here you
will find explanations, online quizzes, and great PowerPoint presentations
you can download for use in class.
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Commas -This is a great
interactive review site all about commas. Included are factsheets, games,
quizzes, and worksheets.
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3. Use correct grammar (e.g, verb
tenses, parallel structure, indefinite and relative pronouns). |
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Consistency -This web site
has extensive information on consistency as well as quizzes the students
can take online to check their understanding. Section 3 specifically deals
with parallel structure.
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Verbs -This web site has
extensive information on verbs as well as quizzes the students can take
online to check their understanding. Sections 5, 6, and 7 deal
specifically with tenses.
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Research |
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1. Compose open-ended questions for
research, assigned or personal interest, and modify questions as necessary
during inquiry and investigation to narrow the focus or extend the
investigation. |
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Through the Eyes of a Child: Creating Documentaries from
the Perspectives of Adolescents -students
explore how documentaries can present realistic and sometimes difficult
perspectives on events in our world. Students begin by watching video
clips from the film "Gaza Strip" and sharing their insights.
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Evaluating Eyewitness Reports -This
resource provides a detailed lesson focused on using eyewitness accounts,
representing a range of different perspectives, to write reliable accounts
of historical events. Students begin by examining alternative reports of a
single event: the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
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2. Identify appropriate sources and
gather relevant information from multiple sources (e.g., school library
catalogs, online databases, electronic resources and Internet-based
resources). |
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Debate: Is Cheerleading a Sport?-Using
the topic of cheerleading, students examine how women are perceived in
sports and then debate whether or not cheerleading should be considered a
sport.
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Murder and Mayhem : The Great Gatsby: The Facts Behind
the Fiction -In order to appreciate
historical fiction, students need to understand the factual context and
recognize how popular culture reflects the values, mores, and events of
the time period. This lesson uses The Great Gatsby to study the connection
between fiction and historical/social contexts.
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3. Determine the accuracy of sources
and the credibility of the author by analyzing the sources’ validity (e.g.,
authority, accuracy, objectivity, publication date and coverage, etc.). |
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Hoax? Scholarly Research? Personal Opinion? You Decide!-This
lesson is designed to help students determine the validity of information
that is presented to them on the Internet. After reviewing a series of
evaluation techniques for online resources, students form groups to assess
selected websites based on accuracy and authority, advocacy and
objectivity, and currency and coverage.
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4. Analyze the complexities and
discrepancies in information and systematically organize relevant
information to support central ideas, concepts and themes. |
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1984: A Teachers Cyberguide -In
this thematic unit, students learn about George Orwell's life and
political views as they examine the key concepts from the novel 1984.
During the study of this novel, students discuss the major themes and make
connections to current issues and their own lives.
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5. Integrate quotations and
citations into written text to maintain a flow of ideas. |
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6. Use style guides to produce oral
and written reports that give proper credit for sources and include
appropriate in-text documentation, notes and an acceptable format for source
acknowledgement. |
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7. Use a variety of communication
techniques including oral, visual, written or multimedia report to present
information that supports a clear position about the topic or research
question and defend the credibility and validity of the information
presented. |
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The Grapes of Wrath: Scrapbooks and Artifacts:
Ethnographic Field Studies in Fiction -This
instructional unit uses The Grapes of Wrath and digital images from the
American Memory collections to explore cultural and literary themes.
Students use the American Memory collections to conduct research and
gather artifacts.
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Searching Near and Far: Learning About How Specialized
Search Engines Make Internet Information Accessible -This
resource uses a news article from the New York Times to explore using an
Internet search engine for research. Designated a promising practice, this
lesson allows students to use a hands-on experience with Internet search
engines to learn more about how to locate information on the web.
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Communications:
Oral and Visual |
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1. Apply active listening strategies
(e.g., monitoring message for clarity, selecting and organizing essential
information, noting cues such as changes in pace). |
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2. Analyze types of arguments used
by the speaker, such as causation, analogy and logic. |
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Dramatic Storytelling in the English Classroom :
Hospital Fire Role Play -Practical
approaches to using drama and story in the English classroom are provided
through role play and reflection. A role play about fire in a major
hospital lets students take on the parts of hospital employees for the
investigation following the fire.
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3. Critique the clarity,
effectiveness and overall coherence of a speaker's key points. |
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Novel News: Broadcast Coverage of Character, Conflict,
Resolution, and Setting-In this lesson,
students prepare original news programs based on the events from a novel.
After reading a novel, independently or as a class, students explore the
literary elements of character, conflict, resolution, and setting. Working
in small groups, students use what they know about the plot of the novel
to write and deliver a fictional news broadcast.
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4. Evaluate how language choice,
diction, syntax and delivery style (e.g., repetition, appeal to emotion, eye
contact) affect the mood and tone and impact the audience. |
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It Comes as a Great Surprise... -This
resource, designated a promising practice, is an instructional unit in
which students create and deliver a formal speech. This instructional
unit, developed as part of a project funded by the New Zealand Ministry of
Education, provides opportunities for students to research examples
relevant to their topic and use a range of speaking skills during a formal
speech.
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5. Demonstrate an understanding of
the rules of the English language and select language appropriate to purpose
and audience. |
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6. Adjust volume, tempo, phrasing,
enunciation, voice modulation and inflection to stress important ideas and
impact audience response. |
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William Golding/Lord of the Flies Trial Simulation-This
resource, created by a group of high school teachers, details a simulation
based on Lord of the Flies. Developed as a common project between social
studies and English classes, students satisfy curricular requirements for
both subjects as they role play a trial involving characters from the
novel. This activity fosters engaged discussions and deep learning.
Students take on the role of attorneys, witnesses, and other trial related
characters.
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7. Vary language choices as
appropriate to the context of the speech. |
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8. Deliver informational
presentations (e.g., expository, research) that:
a. present a clear and distinctive perspective on the subject;
b. present events or ideas in a logical sequence;
c. support the controlling idea or thesis with well-chosen and elevant
facts, details, examples, quotations, statistics, stories and anecdotes;
d. include an effective introduction and conclusion and use a consistent
organizational structure (e.g., cause-effect, compare-contrast,
problem-solution);
e. use appropriate visual materials (e.g., diagrams, charts, illustrations)
and available technology to enhance presentation; and
f. draw from and cite multiple sources, including both primary and secondary
sources, and consider the validity and reliability of sources. |
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Newsworthy Intentions: Exploring the Risky and Edifying
Dimensions of Satire -In this lesson,
students explore the legal distinction between satire and libel. Students
begin by discussing their ideas about humor, then work in small groups to
research a libel case.
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9. Deliver formal and informal
descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive
details. |
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10. Deliver persuasive presentations
that:
a. establish and develop a logical and controlled argument;
b. include relevant evidence, differentiating between evidence and opinion,
to support position and to address counter-arguments or listener biases;
c. use persuasive strategies such as rhetorical devices; anecdotes and
appeals to emotion, authority, reason, pathos and logic;
d. consistently use common organizational structures as appropriate (e.g.,
cause-effect, compare-contrast, problem-solution); and
e. use speaking techniques (e.g., reasoning, emotional appeal, case studies
or analogies). |
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I Beg to Differ -This
resource is an instructional unit in which students use formal speaking
skills to communicate major ideas supported by key details. This
instructional unit, maintained by the New Zealand Ministry of Education,
provides opportunities for students to research examples relevant to their
topic and use a range of speaking skills during a debate.
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